配置依赖
location /api1 {
echo_sleep 3;
echo api1 : $arg_a;
}
location /api2 {
echo_sleep 3;
echo api2 : $arg_a;
}
串行实现
location /serial {
content_by_lua '
local t1 = ngx.now()
local res1 = ngx.location.capture("/api1", {args = ngx.req.get_uri_args()})
local res2 = ngx.location.capture("/api2", {args = ngx.req.get_uri_args()})
local t2 = ngx.now()
ngx.print(res1.body, "<br/>", res2.body, "<br/>", tostring(t2-t1))
';
}
并行实现
location /concurrency1 {
content_by_lua '
local t1 = ngx.now()
local res1,res2 = ngx.location.capture_multi({
{"/api1", {args = ngx.req.get_uri_args()}},
{"/api2", {args = ngx.req.get_uri_args()}}
})
local t2 = ngx.now()
ngx.print(res1.body, "<br/>", res2.body, "<br/>", tostring(t2-t1))
';
}
协程实现
Lua中没有线程和异步编程编程的概念,对于并发执行提供了协程的概念,个人认为协程是在A运行中发现自己忙则把CPU使用权让出来给B使用,最后A能从中断位置继续执行,本地还是单线程,CPU独占的;因此如果写网络程序需要配合非阻塞I/O来实现。 ngx_lua 模块对协程做了封装,我们可以直接调用ngx.thread API使用,虽然称其为“轻量级线程”,但其本质还是Lua协程。该API必须配合该ngx_lua模块提供的非阻塞I/O API一起使用,比如我们之前使用的ngx.location.capture_multi和lua-resty-redis、lua-resty-mysql等基于cosocket实现的都是支持的。 通过Lua协程我们可以并发的调用多个接口,然后谁先执行成功谁先返回,类似于BigPipe模型。
location /concurrency2 {
content_by_lua '
local t1 = ngx.now()
local function capture(uri, args)
return ngx.location.capture(uri, args)
end
local thread1 = ngx.thread.spawn(capture, "/api1", {args = ngx.req.get_uri_args()})
local thread2 = ngx.thread.spawn(capture, "/api2", {args = ngx.req.get_uri_args()})
local ok1, res1 = ngx.thread.wait(thread1)
local ok2, res2 = ngx.thread.wait(thread2)
local t2 = ngx.now()
ngx.print(res1.body, "<br/>", res2.body, "<br/>", tostring(t2-t1))
';
}
任意成功即返回
local ok, res = ngx.thread.wait(thread1, thread2)